β－转换生长因子对牛体外受精卵体外发育的影响

本研究主要检测ＴＧＦ－β对牛早期胚胎体外发育和移植后的成活率的影响。在试验１和试验２，添加０．３～７．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ的ＴＧＦ－β至无论是复杂培养液还是各成分已知的简单培养液中，囊胚中内细胞团细胞都不同程度地增长，比对照组的囊胚多０．５～１．０倍；此外在含有３．０～５．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ的ＴＧＦ－β的培养液中的囊胚，其孵化率显著地高于对照组。在试验３中，添加３．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ的ＴＧＦ－β显著地促进与不同细胞共同培养的囊胚内细胞团的细胞增长，在颗粒细胞或输卵管细胞及其两者组合当中的单层细胞上的囊胚表现突出。在试验４中，用ＴＧＦ－β培养所获得的囊胚移植于受体母牛，约４５～９０ｄ将受体屠宰检查中发现，ＴＧＦ－β的囊胚成活率高于无ＴＧＦ－β的囊胚．试验结果表明，ＴＧＦ－β可促进体外发育的囊胚内细胞团的细胞增长以及提高囊胚移植后的成活率。     

西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区土壤地理分布规律的研究

西藏东南部的南迦巴瓦峰地区，面积约６．４３×１０＾４ｋｍ＾２。章探讨了土壤垂直带谱的性质和结构特点，土壤水平地带与垂直带的关系，土壤垂直带的结果类型；论述了湿润程度，逆温、人类活动对土壤垂直带影响，以及山体高度和大小与山地土壤分布的关系。     

Gram-negative bacterial flora on the root surface of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown under different soil conditions

We identified 161 Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the root surface of wheat grown under different soil conditions. The strains were divided into seven groups based on major morphological and physiological properties. Taxonomic allocation of the groups was verified by guanine+cytosine contents of DNA. Except for one group, which may be assumed to include bacteria belonging to the genera Flavobacterium and Cytophaga, the various groups were taxonomically united. The distribution of the groups changed with soil improvement. Pseudomonads predominated in unimproved soil, but Flavobacterium and Cytophaga spp. were predominant in the most improved soil. As all the strains were non-fermentative by Hugh and Leifson's test, API 20NE identification was applied. However, many strains were misidentified by this system, especially in the Flavobacterium and Cytophaga spp. group. For ecological studies, the strains were classified to species level by the API 20 NE system and by the results of a combination of guanine+cytosine (mol%) and isoprenoid quinone data. The pattern of distribution of the bacteria on the root surface of wheat varied at species level within one genus depending on soil conditions.Dedicated to Professor J. C. G. Ottow on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Effect of different forms and sources of arsenic on crop yield and arsenic concentration

Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of As application on the yield of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and the arsenic concentration in crop tissue. The soils used were a sand and a loam soil. In the first experiment (3 yr), As was applied either as sodium arsenite or as disodium hydrogen arsenate at the rate of 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 mg As kg^?1 soil in year 1. In years 2 and 3, only the residual effect of As applied in year 1 was investigated. In the second experiment (5 yr), a NPK(16-7-12) fertilizer containing 10, 100 and 3000 mg As kg^?1 as sodium arsenite was applied at rates of 750 and 600 mg kg^?1 to ryegrass and barley, respectively, with lime and without lime. Arsenite had more inhibitory effect on crop yield than arsenate. Although the residual effect persisted up to year 3, it was found to be dependent on As application rate, soil type, and crop species. Only minor differences in As concentration in crops between arsenite and arsenate sources were observed. The yield reduction and the increase of As concentration in crops was highly related to As application rates. The As rates of 50 and 250 mg As kg^?1 resulted in significant yield reduction and marked increase of As concentration in both crops and these rates could be considered as critical for both crops. The application of As containing fertilizer had little or no effect on crop yield. The As concentration in both crops was little affected by the fertilizer containing up to 100 mg As kg^?1 but the concentration increased several folds when the fertilizer containing 3000 mg As kg^?1 was applied. The application of additional P to the treatment containing 3000 mg As kg^?1 fertilizer only slightly increased crop yields but it increased As concentration in ryegrass markedly. The repeated application of As containing fertilizer up to a period of 5 yr, even at 3000 mg As kg^?1 level, generally did not affect either the yields or the As concentration in both crops although a slight increase of As concentration in barley grain over the years was observed. In both experiments, the yield reduction and the increase in As concentration in crop tissue were lower in the loam soil than in the sand and barley straw cointained much higher As than barley grains, indicating that greater proportion of the As taken up by this crop was retained in the vegetative organs.     

Fatty acid composition and squalene content of the marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei

Certain species of thraustochytrids are being explored as potential producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids for nutritional enrichment of food products and use as feed additives in aquaculture. The fatty acid composition and squalene content were determined in the thraustochytrid, Schizochytrium mangrovei that was newly isolated from decaying Kandelia candel leaves in Hong Kong mangrove habitat. The major fatty acid constituents identified in all three S. mangrovei strains were tetradeanoic acid (C14:0), hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-6, DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA). DHA was the most predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid, and the percentage of DHA (of total fatty acids) in all these strains varied from 32.29 to 39.14%. Only slight changes were observed in fatty acid composition of the S. mangrovei strains harvested at their early (day 3) and late stationary (day 5) phases. In contrast, the cellular squalene content was affected significantly by the culture time; the largest decrease of squalene content from 0.162 mg/g to 0.035 mg/g was found in S. mangrovei FB1 as the culture aged.     

畜禽粪便固液分离技术特点及效率评估

该文对常用畜禽粪便固液分离技术进行分析,评估出各分离技术的优缺点、适用对象、分离效果和性价比,为企业选择粪便固液分离设备提供参考。研究结果表明:重力分离技术成本最低,分离粒径小于1 mm的有机物效果最好,但分离后固相含水率过高(90%),一般作为其他技术的预处理。筛分技术对于分离大粒径的有机颗粒物最有效,投资相对小,运行费用低;但对氮磷等营养元素分离效率较低,分离后的固相的含水率偏高,分离产物可用于固态发酵。压滤技术提高了磷元素的分离效率和固相含水率,但运营成本也增加,分离产物可用于有机肥生产。沉淀离心技术对去除细小颗粒最为有效,并能够去除氮磷元素,但运营成本太高,在中国推广难度大。絮凝剂能和大多数的分离技术结合使用从而提高分离效率。所有固液分离技术都不能分离畜禽粪便中的挥发性脂肪酸,因此也不能有效去除液相中的生化需氧量和臭味。多种分离技术的联合使用,在提高营养物质的分离效率的同时,降低固相的含水率将是未来技术发展的主要方向。     

甘薯淀粉接枝共聚高吸水树脂的合成及在种子包衣上的应用研究

以甘薯淀粉为原料,高锰酸钾为引发剂合成高吸水树脂,并研究高吸水树脂作为种子包衣剂对种子发芽率的影响.通过正交试验,探讨了引发剂浓度、催化剂浓度等因素及皂化条件对高吸水树脂吸水率的影响.研究结果表明,接枝共聚的最佳条件是:淀粉1 g,丙烯酰胺7.5 g,糊化水100 mL,催化剂1.54×10-2 mol/L,引发剂1.5×10-3 mol/L.最佳皂化条件为:氢氧化钠用量26 mL/(g单体),100℃水浴,皂化3 h.用制备的高吸水树脂做玉米种子包衣剂,初步试验结果表明可有效提高种子发芽率.     

Impact of epistasis and QTL × environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages

The oil accumulation in the developing soybean seed has been shown to be a dynamic process with different rates and activities at different phases affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate additive, epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) × environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL controlling oil filling rate in soybean seed. A total of 143 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were used in this study to obtain 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). A total of 26 QTL with significantly unconditional and conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified on 14 linkage groups. Among the QTL with significant a effects, 18 QTL showed positive effects and 6 QTL had negative effects on seed filling rate of oil content during seed development. A total of 29 epistatic pairwise QTL underlying seed filling rate were identified at different filling stages. About 28 pairs of the QTL showed additive × additive epistatic (aa) effects and 14 pairs of the QTL showed aa × environment interaction (aae) effects at different filling stages. QTL with aa and aae (additive × additive × environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that oil filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic, developmental and environmental control.     

Soybean oil content QTL mapping and integrating with meta-analysis method for mining genes

Oil content of soybean was a valuable quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Eleven QTLs were detected by both CIM and MIM method with the population crossed between Charleston and Dong nong594 in recent 3 years (2007, 2008, 2009). Combining the QTLs collected over the past 20 years, an integrated map of oil-content major QTLs in soybean was established using soymap2, which was published in 2004, as a reference. Using the software BioMercator ver.2.1, QTLs were projected from their own maps onto the reference map. In total, ninety-eight QTLs were integrated into soymap2. A meta-analysis method was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 20 consensus QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained. Using a local version of GENSCAN, 10,137 sequences in the consensus QTL intervals were predicted. With BLAST, these predicted genes were compared to the International Protein Index database to mine the related genes. The results offer a basis for gene mining and molecular breeding in soybean.     

直接干燥法测定粮食水分的条件优化

研究了影响直接干燥法测定粮食水分测定结果的因素,优化了测定条件。采用105℃恒质法对烘盒规格、烘干时间、烘盒个数及烘箱温度等参数进行比较,结果表明:高、低两种水分的小麦采用4.5 cm规格的烘盒,其烘干效果最佳;低水分小麦烘干4h后恒重,高水分小麦烘干4.5 h后恒重;烘盒个数以不超过20个为宜;95℃~110℃下测定结果的精密度差异不显著,但水分测定结果随烘箱温度增大而升高。